EM Hexagon - A New Technological Plus Social and Psychological Disaster Management Processes
Keywords:
EM Hexagon, Disaster Management Cycle, Emergency Management Mechanisms, China EM Systems.Abstract
United Nations through its Disaster Risk Reduction Office has all along endorsed a four phased Disaster Management Cycle with emphasis on prevention and mitigation that are mostly neglected by many countries. On the other hand as the scope of disaster expands to terrorism after the incident of 911, and extends to the large scale of illegal migration caused by civil wars, the important role and contributions of social psychological interventions in disasters is gaining recognition as DDR also advocated for building resilience through empowerment and engagement of the whole community. It is obvious that the Four Phased DM Model cannot take into account of latest development. To supplement and enrich the Model an action framework of 12 areas is proposed which is termed the EM Hexagon.
References
Alexander DE. Principles of Emergency Planning and Management. Oxford University Press 2002. ISBN: 9780195218381.
Neal DM. Reconsidering the phases of disaster. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 1997; 15(2): 239-264.
Prince SH. Catastrophe and social change. New York: Columbia University Press 1920.
Quarantelli EL. Disaster studies: An historical analysis of the influences of basic sociology and applied use on the research done in the last 35 years. Preliminary paper 111, University of Delaware: Disaster Research Centre 1986.
Quarantelli EL. Disaster studies: The consequences of the historical use of a sociological approach in the development of research. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 1994; 12(1): 25-49.
Coetzee C, Van Niekerk D. Tracking the evolution of the disaster management cycle: A general system theory approach. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 2012; 4(1): Art. #54, 9. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v4i1.54
Baird A, O’Keefe P, Westgate KN, Wisner B. Towards an explanation and reduction of disaster proneness. Occasional paper no.11, University of Bradford, Disaster Research Unit 1975.
Asia Development Bank. Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Handbook 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/5035
Alexander D. Principles of emergency planning and management. Harpended: Terra Publishing 2002.
Holloway A. Disaster risk reduction in Southern Africa: Hot rhetoric, cold reality. African Security Review 2003; 12(1): 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2003.9627568
Handmer, & John. The world conference on natural disaster reduction, yokohama, japan, 23-27 may 1994.
United Nation. Hyogo Framework of Action 2005-2015 (HFA) 2005. Extracted from https://www.unisdr.org/we/ coordinate/hfa
Poterie AT, Baudoin MA. From Yokohama to Sendai: Approaches to Participation in International Disaster Risk Reduction Frameworks. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 2015; 6: 128- 139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0053-6
Wang ZY. Further Improvements for Disaster Emergency Response Planning for China. GMW.cn, 2016-11-25, 2016; 16: 56. http://politics.gmw.cn/2016-11/25/content_23103276. htm
Standing Committee of the Tenth National People’s Congress. Emergency Response Law of the People’s Republic of China, 2007 August 30.
Shan CC, Xue L, Zhang XL. Major Events in Emergency Management of China, 2003-2007. Social Sciences Academic Press China 2012; ISBN: 9787509729793
Shan CC, Xue L, Zhang XL. Case Studies of Emergency Management, 2008. Chemical Industry Press 2012. ISBN: 9787122142016
Shan CC, Xue L, Zhang XL. Major Events in Emergency Management of China, 2003-2007. Social Sciences Academic Press China 2012. ISBN: 9787509729793
Shan CC. Constructing Emergency Planning System for China, Implementation and Reflections. China Emergency Management 2012; 4: 18-19.
Ministry of Civil Affairs. Guidelines for promoting Disaster Social Work Services in emergency responses. Notice 214, 2013.